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unheard
英:【ʌnˈhɜ:d】美:【ʌnˈhɜ:d】
英:
美:
adj.
<古> 前所未闻的, 听不到的, 未被注意的
形容词最高级:
unhealthiest
形容词比较级:
unhealthier
名词:
unhealthiness
副词:
unhealthily
go unheard
1. 无人理睬
Her request for help
went unheard
.
她请求帮助, 却无人理睬。
damaging unfit unsound indisposed weak frail out of shape unnatural sickly unwholesome feeble injurious detrimental unwell ill insalubrious invalid sick corrupt out of condition diseased disadvantageous unhealthful infirm morbid ailing run-down ghoulish harmful
healthy
1 、Women choosing to keep their babies out-of-wedlock in China is almost
unheard
of .───在中国,女人因非婚姻关系而自己养孩子的事情几乎是闻所未闻的。
2 、Practically
unheard
of in the West until 50 years ago, yoga has become one of the most popular health trends around.───五十年前在西方几乎还没有人听说过瑜珈,可是现在它已经成为世界各地最流行的健康风潮之一。
3 、"Heard melodies are sweet, But those
unheard
Are sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on;"───听见的乐声虽好,但若听不见却更美;所以,吹吧,柔情的风笛;
4 、His free hand went to his belt, and thumbed the corpse controller.Vague sense blurs drifted into his mind, but Kabaraijian shunted them aside, and shook the dead men alive with an
unheard
shout.───一些模糊的思想传入他的脑海,卡巴拉健将它们撇在一边,用一个无声的命令唤醒了他的还魂尸们。
5 、What is unusual, or
unheard
of, is to see an overweight, unfocused young man like Bynum turn behaviorally on a dime.───不常见的是或者没有听说过的是,一个超重的,不被关注的年轻人就像拜纳姆一样,突然间变得如此的行为有序。
6 、Now this was not the beginning, but an increase, and progress of heathenish and foreign manners, through the abominable and
unheard
of wickedness of Jason, that impious wretch and no priest.───因了这邪恶而非大司祭的雅松的过度狂妄,希腊文化和外方风俗达到了极点,
7 、In Japan, it is hard to imagine that an emergency stairway would not have signs indicating floor numbers, and it is
unheard
of that a condo caretaker would have run away before residents did.───在日本,你很难想象紧急楼梯没有楼层提示,而且也从来没有听说过公寓管理人可以在住户离开之前跑掉。
8 、So I have been making a series of secret sacred promises I will never forget you and I will tell you a story because I know the unhurried
unheard
are helped when they are heard.───因此我做了一些严肃的承诺,我永远不会忘记他们,我要告诉他们一个故事,因为我深信那些不被了解的人将会在他们被了解之后得到帮助。
9 、To travel that far in the underdark without encountering at least a dozen deadly creatures was
unheard
of.───在幽暗地域前进这么远却没有遭遇到至少一打致命的生物实在是闻所未闻。
10 、Myself and Wes Brown were both playing 15 yards inside their half, which is
unheard
of at this level.───“我和韦斯布朗能够在比赛中双双压入对方半场15码,这在这个水平的比赛里听都没听说过。”
11 、I am here to speak on behalf of the starving children around the world whose cries go
unheard
.───也为了世界上那些饱受饥饿之苦却无人关心的孩子们,
12 、
unheard
objections.───不予考虑的异议
13 、Its not
unheard
of, but its really rare.─── 这种情况也不是没有 但是很罕见
14 、Dark side nexuses are a rare but not entirely
unheard
of occurrence.───一棵附近生长在一个洞穴上的树就成为黑暗面聚集后的中心。
15 、Near-perfect repayment rates,
unheard
of in the formal financial sectors of most developing countries, were common among the better microcredit programs.───一些近乎完美的还款率,即便在多数发展中国家的正规财务活动中都难以见闻,在较好的小额贷款项目中却比比皆是。
16 、The organization previously almost
unheard
of, but well-planned attacks on Mumbai, a large number of militants and more action and close coordination, unlike new plan.───中英文对照:这一组织此前几乎闻所未闻,但孟买袭击计划周密,大批武装人员多地行动、密切配合,不似新手策划。
17 、The first half of 2008 was extremely good with the prices of steel ores and coal etc peaking to
unheard
of levels thus taking each and every one of the steel makers and miners to a pinnacle.───2008年上半年是非常棒的,钢材、矿石和煤等的价格上涨到了闻所未闻的水平,从而使得钢铁制造行业和矿产行业的每一个人都信心暴棚。
18 、Weve heard it all from the CUVs to the SUVs and the MUVs but something which was
unheard
off was the SEV which unwinds as Space Efficient Vehicle.───在那些“全时全能轿车”、“多功能运动车”、“多用途轿车”已为人所耳熟能详的时候,一款新型的“空间概念车”又出现在我们的眼前,它旨在大幅度提高车辆内的空间利用率。
19 、Just a few years ago that kind of product would have been
unheard
of,” says Colin McClymont, managing director of The Pen Shop, Europes largest chain of writing instrument shops.───就在几天以前,这种产品还闻所未闻。”
20 、They are now enjoying free dialysis at the governments expense, something almost
unheard
of in China.───他们现在正享受免费透析,费用由政府承担,这在以前的中国是闻所未闻的。
21 、Its not
unheard
of for a software test team to create more deliverables than the programmers.───不是没有听说过,一个软件测试团队可以比程序员更让产品具有可交付性(让用户满意)。
22 、This concept of an interview was (to my surprise)
unheard
of by all the teachers I spoke with.───使我惊讶的是,我交谈过的老师们对面试的观念都很淡漠。
23 、You may have built up years of feeling
unheard
, ignored, sad, frustrated or disrespected.───你可能积累了数年没有被倾听、忽略、悲伤、沮丧或被藐视的情绪。
24 、His complaints were
unheard
.───他的抱怨无人理睬。
25 、Once he did it in eighty days,
unheard
of in the nineteenth century.───他曾经八十天环游地球,这在19世纪是闻所未闻的。
26 、But then something undreamt and
unheard
of happened.───可是接下来发生了做梦都想到过的闻所未闻的事情。
27 、If the tread is an echo, it is an echo that is only heard after dark, and is often
unheard
for a long while together───如果这种脚步声是一种回音,那么这种回音只有在天黑以后才听得见,而且常常在很长的一个时期内听不见。
28 、Sethi: let the name of moses be stricken from every book And tablet. stricken from every pylon And obelisk of egypt. let the name of moses be
unheard
And unspoken, erased from the memOry of man, fOr all time.───塞提:摩西的名字,将被从埃及的每一本书籍和木刻上抹去,将被从每一座塔门和方尖碑上剥落;摩西的名字,将永远不再被提起,永远从人类的历史和记忆中消失。
29 、The majority come from the ranks of warriors, but an occasional fanatical bard or member of some other class is not
unheard
of.───半数以上的雄鹰骑士都来自战士类职业,不过偶尔也会有狂热的诗人或是其他职业加入。
30 、Her case was/went
unheard
by the authorities───她的问题当局不予考虑.
31 、Yeah. Its not common, but its not
unheard
of.─── 对 这不常见 但也不是没听说过
32 、I was once as you are now, afraid and
unheard
.─── 我曾经和你们现在一样 担惊受怕 无人理睬
33 、Boulez is a musical theorist and composer of international importance. But in France his approach, once revolutionary, has ossified into a kind of state approved mainstream. Works by more conventional composers go for the most part
unheard
.───布列是位有国际影响的音乐理论家和作曲家,但是在法国,他的探索,虽一度是革命性的,也渐渐僵化到国家认可的主流之中去了。较为庸常的作曲家的作品就大都默默无闻了。
34 、Its
unheard
of for anyone to pass the exam so young.───年龄这么小,就通过考试是闻所未闻的。
35 、Such benefits for part-time workers are almost
unheard
of in America.───兼职员工能享有这种福利,在美国几乎是前所未闻。
36 、
unheard
of───adj. 前所未闻的, 空前的, 没有先例的
37 、A word which he hurled at them was
unheard
in the great noise.───他对他们吆喝的话,在嘈杂的喧哗声中,是听不到的。
38 、His radio-friendly vocals scale heights
unheard
of since the days of Taiwanese choirboy Jeff Chang. And Tao is just as clean-cut, mind you.───他那种和谐的声音似乎从拥有唱诗班美声歌手张信哲之后就无所闻了.而且陶吉吉的声音乾净柔美触动你心弦.
39 、The word not spoken goes not quite
unheard
.───不曾说出的话未必不曾被倾听。
40 、It is a rare, extremely rare occasion when a lawyer leaves our firm. It is simply
unheard
of.───很少有律师离开事务所,这种情况我们根本没听说过。
41 、Its not at all
unheard
of for someone whos done only one thing (for example, bottoming) to one day start feeling the urge to top, or vice versa.───对于只做了一天一方面事情(比如,在下者)的人就开始有成为上者的渴望并不是什么新鲜事,反之亦然。
42 、And so, what do you say? I say they are best
unheard
.─── 那你觉得呢 我觉得最好装没听到
43 、If Gollum had contrived to follow them, he remained unseen and
unheard
.───如果咕噜仍然穷追不舍,那他的身形和动静都掩饰得很好。
44 、Its kinda analysis is based on some micro tremors in your voice, which is usually
unheard
by human ears that is able to form some kind of measurable modulation.───它的分析是基于你声音中一些微小的颤动,这些颤动通常人耳是无法听到的,但是会形成一些可通过机器测量到的调制。
45 、Traveling across town involved slow rides on lumbering buses, or long treks by bicycle; taxis were still
unheard
of.───在小城旅行,坐的是慢吞吞的公交车,或者只能骑着自行车长途跋涉;至于出租车,当时还是闻所未闻。
46 、Further angering Skywalker was that the Council accepted his appointment, but refused to grant him the rank of Master.Such an insult was
unheard
of.───另一方面,议会虽然接受他的指派,却拒绝授予大师资格,这种前所未有的侮辱也让天行者感到愤怒。
47 、The true definition of originality must include both brand new, previously
unheard
of ideas as well as the later combination of those ideas in new-fangled ways to create something innovative.───原创性的真正定义,必须既包括全新的、前所未闻的思想,又囊括后来用新奇的方法把旧思想综合起来而创造的事物。
48 、This is absolutely absurd and TOTALLY UNHEARD OF!What developed NATION would believe such ridiculous belief?? A lighter punishment because YOU are not from this country (TAIWAN)?BULLSH*T!!───但是,一个有"法律"的国家绝对不会因为同情外籍劳工离乡背景而从轻处罚!!
49 、a previously
unheard
tape of their conversations───以前未听过的他们谈话的录音带
50 、Its unusual for me, but its not
unheard
of, so I di*issed it.─── 这对我来说很不寻常 但不是没有过 所以我忽略了它
51 、During the1990 s, when oil was cheap and biofuels
unheard
of, demand grew by1.2% a year, according to Goldman Sachs.───在20世纪90年代,高曼企业表明当时石油价格走低时生物燃料基本就没听说过,每年的需求只是增加1.2%。
52 、Its
unheard
of for a boy of his age to gain university entrance.───他这样年纪的孩子上大学,可真是闻所未闻。
53 、Aaron has recorded many
unheard
Christmas Songs───他录制了很多大家没听过的圣诞歌曲
54 、The most original observation from his lips fell
unheard
on their ears.───出自他嘴的最为独到的意见,她们都充耳不闻。
55 、
unheard
sound───听觉外的声音听不到的声音
56 、All he can see is the smile of the new love, while the old love weeps
unheard
.───但见新人笑,不闻旧人哭。
57 、"Deccan Jihad" organization, previously almost
unheard
of, but well-planned attacks on Mumbai, the new plan may not.───中英文对照:“德干圣战者”组织此前几乎闻所未闻,但孟买袭击计划周密,不似新手策划。
58 、The surfacing of a new portion of e Great Wall is not
unheard
of.───人们对重新出现的长城新部分并不是一无所知。
59 、Thats not
unheard
of in a contact report.─── 接触报告偶尔会出现这种事
60 、Her request for help went
unheard
.───她请求帮助,却无人理睬。
61 、Basically
unheard
of 10 years ago, the metabolic syndrome is now very much on the minds of physicians and patients.───代谢综合征在10年以前并不如现在这样为内科医生和病人所谈论。
62 、It was
unheard
of for a candidates wife, much less the first lady, to confront an opponent like that.───从未听说过哪一位候选人的妻子,更不要说是州第一夫人了,以如此方式对抗一个竞选对手。
63 、Well, thats not
unheard
of in the music business.─── 这在唱片行业里不是没有先例
64 、Through the Han, while various sorts of low couches and platforms came into use, chairs were
unheard
of.───图像与文献资料显示,到了唐代有一些人开始使用休闲椅。
65 、There have been demonstrations, previously almost
unheard
of in Iceland, in which families have marched on the parliament buildings, stringing up an effigy of Oddsson along the way.───以前在冰岛几乎没听说过的游行示威出现了,很多家庭向议会大厦行进,沿途吊死奥德森的模拟像。
66 、The two appointed days ran out, three days and nights ran out, and Stephen Blackpool did not come, and remained
unheard
of.───原来讲的两天已经过去了,三天三夜也过去了,而斯梯芬?布拉克普儿还是没有回来,依然渺无消息。
67 、It was
unheard
of for one of the peasant women in Sicily to attempt driving a car.───在西西里,一个农村妇女想开汽车,这是从来没有听说过的今古奇谈。
68 、It publishes the minutes of every meeting, a practice
unheard
of in other working groups because of fears that a particular company representative might come off looking less than impeccable.───它发布每次会议的备忘录,这是在其它工作组中从未有过的做法,因为那些工作组担心某个特定的公司代表可能会发表不是很完美的看法。
69 、Illiteracy is almost
unheard
of in Switzerland.───在瑞士没有听说过文盲。
70 、“yes, of course,” said Marilla, as if getting boys from orphan asylums in Nova Scotia were part of the usual spring work on any well-rugulated Avonlea farm instead of being an
unheard
of innovation.───“当然很急啦,“玛丽拉说,好像从新斯科舍的孤儿院收养男孩只是任何一个管理良好的阿冯利亚的农场都会做的春季日常工作之一,绝非异想天开之举。
71 、He was apparently better at conceiving things than explaining them (
unheard
of in a mathematician, eh?) and suggested that Ada expand the article with her own notes.───与解释事物相比,他显然更善于构思(在数学家中前所未闻,是吗?),他建议艾达用她自己的笔记扩充文章。
72 、Prof Freeman said a score of 160 was rare, but was not
unheard
of. The test goes up to 170.───弗里曼教授说,智商达到160虽然罕见,但也不是绝对没有。这项测试曾经达到过170.
73 、Lack of communication and miscommunication is a major theme in Babel since many languages are spoken but
unheard
.───其中一个重要主题指出人与人沟通不足和误解。话说了很多,但接收不到。
74 、Its
unheard
of to live in a glass tower.───住在一个玻璃塔里,真是前所未闻的。
75 、Those perpetrated by women, almost
unheard
of.─── 而且还是女性 几乎闻所未闻
76 、Obesity among children there used to be
unheard
of.───我们以前没有听说过小孩肥胖症。
77 、It is not
unheard
of to build a spreadsheet that is shallow and wide (only a few rows deep, with lots of columns), but you might regret it later.───您当然可以建立一个浅且宽(只有几行深,却有很多列)的电子表格,但也许不久您就会遗憾。
78 、If you find yourself stuck in traffic,dont despair.There are people in this world for whom driving is an
unheard
of privilege.───如果你遭遇交通堵塞,别灰心丧气。在这个世界上,驾车对一些人来说还是闻所未闻的特权。
79 、Practically
unheard
of in the West until50 years ago, yoga has become one of the most popular health trends around.───实际上,50年前在西方几乎还没有人听说过瑜伽,可是现在它已经成为世界各地最流行的健康时尚之一。
80 、There are yellow tulip, Western azalea, pistachio nuts : : Although many varieties I
unheard
, but his wife was able to have their Hi characteristic relaxed Road.───实用,是曾太太对自己家设计的首要,她笑说无论空间怎么大,都会有感觉不够用的时候。
81 、And So I have been making a series of sacred promises: I will never forget you and I will tell you story, because I know that the
unheard
are helped when they are heard.───因此,我曾经许下了一些神圣的承诺:我将永远不会忘记你们,并且我会讲述你们的故事,因为我知道这些不为人知的人们在被人所知后就会得到帮助。”
82 、Single-horned deer are rare but not
unheard
of - but what is unusual is the central positioning of the horn, experts said.───专家说,一只角的鹿是很少见但并不是没有听说过,但是在中间的很说见.
83 、The two appointed days ran out, three days and nights ran out, and Stephen Blackpool was not come, and remained
unheard
of.───原来讲的两天已经过去了,三天三夜也过去了,而斯梯芬·布拉克普儿还是没有回来,依然渺无消息。
84 、But almost everybody in the United States right now likes Barack Obama: polls give him an approval rating above 80%,
unheard
of for a president-elect.───但是几乎所有的美国民众都开始支持巴拉克.奥巴马:他的支持率上升至80%,这对于一名未就职的当选总统是前所未闻的。
85 、Their protests went
unheard
.───他们的抗议无人理会。
86 、not
unheard
of in, uh, leukemia survivors.─── 对于白血病幸存者来说也不是没发生过
87 、Her case was/went
unheard
by the authorities.───她的问题当局不予考虑。
88 、It was
unheard
of for anyone to complain.───从未听说过有人投诉的事.
89 、Although its rarer these days, the one-hour radio documentary is not
unheard
of.───尽管目前很少一个小时的纪录片,也不是没有听说过。
90 、Bats are nocturnal, but its not
unheard
of.─── 蝙蝠是夜行的 但也不算前所未闻
谁能告诉我有些词变反义词的规律(比如前面+UN的,但是我不知道那些加,那些不加)
表示否定意义的前缀:把词的正方意义变为否定的前缀
常见的否定前缀主要有:a-, ab-, anti-, contra-, counter-, de-, dis-, in- (il-, im-, ir-), mal-, mis-, ne-(n-), non, ob-(oc-, of-, op-), un-, with-等。其中,(1)不能构成新词的前缀有:n-, a-, ab-, mal-, in-;(2)能产力(孳生能力)不强的前缀有:dis-, mis-, contra-;(3)能产型前缀有:un-, non-, anti-, counter-. 这些否定前缀按否定意义的不同又分为纯否定前缀(negative prefixes)、表示错误意义的前缀(pejorative prefixes)、倒转前缀(reversative/private prefixes)(表示相反动作的前缀)和 反对前缀(against prefixes)(表示相反、相互对立意思的前缀)四种。
(1) 纯否定前缀(negative prefixes):a-, dis-, in-, ne-, un-.
这类前缀是纯粹表示否定的意思。
a-,an-,(a在元音或辅音h之前的变体)【GK】加在名词、形容词上表示缺乏某种性质,有“非,无,不,缺,消”等的意义。例如:
aperiodic(非周期的) astatic(无定向的)
asynchronous(非同步的) acyclic(无环的)
asysmetry(不对称) amoral(不道德的)
achromatic(消色差的) anisometric(不等量的)
anisotropic (非均匀质) anaemia(贫血)
anharmonic (非调和的) anhydrous(无水的)
dis-【L】加在名词、形容词、动词、副词上,表示否定。有“无,不,失,分”等的意义。例如:
dishonest(不正直的) discontinuity(不连续性)
disappear(消失,失踪) discrepancy(不符)
distaste(厌恶) dislike(不喜欢)
dissimilar(不相同的) disorder(无序,混乱)
chaos
in-;ig-,il-,im-,ir-(in-在辅音n,l,m,p,r前的变体。【L】加在形容词、名词、副词上,有:“无,不,非,未”之意,例如:
incapable(不能的) incomparable(无比的)
insensitive(不灵敏的) inability(不能)
inconsistently(不一致的) inelastic非弹性的)
ignoble(不名誉的) ignore(装不知)
impossible(不可能的) immeasurable(不可测量的)
impatient `in-`patient out-paitient
ink books bags six exam
impurity(杂质) immoral(不道德的)
illegal(非法的 illimitable(无限的)
illogical(不合逻辑的) irregular(不规则)
irreversible(不可逆的) irrotational(非旋转的)
ne-,n-(ne-在元音之前的变体) 【OE】及【L】原是否定副词,表示否定之意。例如:
nescience(【哲】不可知论) neuter(中性,中立)
n(e)one no-one neutral(中性)
neither(都不) never(决不)
non-【L】加在名词、形容词、副词或作形容词的分词上,表示“无,抗,防,非,不”之意,例如:
nonage(未成年) nonmetal(非金属元素)
nonsense(无聊) nonconductor(非导体)
noncorrodible(抗腐蚀的,防腐的 nonleaded(无负载的)
nonageing(未老化的) nonelasticity(可忽略的)
neg-【L】表示“否定”的意义。例如:
neglect(忽视) negligible(可忽略的)
un-【OE】加在形容词、副词、名词及用于作形容词的分词上,表示“不,无,未,非”等否定的意义。例如:
unable(不能的) unbalance(不平衡)
unlimited(无限的) unreasonably(无理地)
uncertainty(不确实) unluckily(不幸)
unmarried(未婚的) unbending(不弯曲的)
unemployment(失业) unfailing(取之不尽的)
(2) 表示错误意义的前缀(pejorative prefixes):
male-,mal-【L】 【F】表示“不善,失,恶,坏”等否定的意义。例如:
malfunction(故障,不正常工作)
maladjustment(调节不善,失调)
malformation(畸形)
transform (改)变形(态)
deform (改)变形(状)
malnutrition(营养不良)
mis-【OE】加在动词、动名词和用做形容词的分词上,表示错误的意义。例如:
miscalculate(算错) misread(读错)
misunderstanding(误解) mistake(弄错,误解)
take one for another=mistake one for another
as luck would have it = 1 luckily or 2 as ill-luck would have it
I suspect that he is a spy.
==I don’t suspect that he is a spy.
==I don’t doubt that he is a spy.
=\=I doubt whether he is a spy.
He is easy to please.
He is eager to please.
They can fish.
They are able to fish.
They put fish in a can.
take one as another
misleading(靠不住的) mistaught(教错了的)
mistimed(不合时的) misrepresent(误传)
misdescription(错误报导) misbelieving(信仰不当)
【注意】mal-和mis-在个别单词仍保留着纯粹否定的意义。例如:
malcontent(不满的), mistruct(不相信),misfire(不发火),
Saving a person’s life is like saving the fire.
Saving a person’s life is as urgent as extinguishing the fire.
mischance(不幸),mislike(嫌厌),misfortune(倒运,灾祸),
pseudo-【OE】加在名词、形容词上表示“虚假,虚伪”,类似的意义。例如:
pseudonym(假名,笔名) pseudoclassic(假古典主义的)
pseudoscience(伪科学) pseudoisotope(假同位素)
pseudoatom(假原子) pseudoplastic(假塑性体)
pseudograph(伪书,冒名著作)
endorse 背书 recite
pseudology(谎话)
3) 倒转前缀(reversative/private prefixes):
de-【L】一般加在动词、形容词上表示“反,去,解,消,除,脱”的意义。例如:
decentralize(分散) demodulation(解调)
despun(反自旋) depolarization(去极化)
defend(防御) dehydration(脱水)
demonopolize(消除垄断) deoxidize(去氧)
deform degrade upgrade decrease
dis-【L】一般加在动词及名词或形容词上来构成动词,表示含有“反转,复原”的意义。例如:
disarm(解除武装) disown(脱离关系,否认)
disconnect(分离) disable(使无能)
disbranch(去枝条) disjoin(拆散)
disproof(反证) disappear(不见,消失)
The disinterested judge is impartial to either party in the case.
un-【OE】加在动词、名词上构成动词,表示“反动作”的意义。例如:
uncouple(去耦) unbend(放直,展开)
unhook(摘钩) unsay(收回意见)
unfasten(打开,放松) unglove(脱去手套)
unloading(去载) uncover(拿去庶盖物)
对于前缀un-来说,有些语法学家还把它称为消除性的un-,(privative un-)用在动词词根(尤其是由名词转化成的动词)前,消除原来动词的功能,表示相反的意思。例如:
unlock(开锁) ---lock(锁)
unbind(解开) ---bind(捆上)
unwrap(打开) --- warp(包上)
undress(脱衣)--- dress(穿衣)
(4) 反对前缀(against prefixes):
这类前缀是表示相反、相互对立的意思的。
anti-,ant-(anti-在元音及气音字母h前的变体)【GK】一般是加在名词、形容词上,表示“反对,反面,抗,逆,防,耐,消,去,解,对,非”的意义。例如:
anti-Japanese
antisymmetric(非对称的) antipathy(憎恶)
antiforeign(排外的) antimilitarism(反军国主义)
antiphase(反相) antijamming(抗干扰)
antiknock(防震) anthelmintic(除虫药)
antarctic(南极的) antacid(解酸的,中和酸的)
contra-;contre-,contro-(contra-的变体)【L】一般加在名词、动词上,表示“反,逆,对,抗”的意义。例如:
contraflow(逆流) contravariant(逆变的)
contradiction(矛盾) contralto(女低音)
contravention(违反) contraposition(对位)
contretemps(不测) controvert(争论)
counter 【F】 一般加在名词、形容词,动词上,表示“反,逆,抗”的意义。例如:
counteraction(反作用) countercurrent(逆电流)
counterbalance(抗衡) counterchange(变换位置)
counterwork(对抗行动,阻碍) counterdrive(反攻,逆袭)
counteragent(反抗力,反对动作) countermodulation(反调制)
ob-;oc-,of-,op- (op-在辅音 c,f,p 前的变体)【L】 一般加在动词、形容词上,表示“反,逆,倒,非”的意义。特别在现代英语科技词汇中,常表示“与通常的方向或形状相反。”例如:
object(反对,抗议) obstinate(顽固的)
obcordate(倒心形的) obovate(倒卵形的)
obconical(倒圆锥的) obtriangular(倒三角形的)
occupy(占领) offend(触犯)
oppose(反对) oppress(压迫)
with-【OE】一般加在动词上,表示“对,向,逆,反对”的意义。例如:
withdraw(缩回)
(with)drawing-room
egg-plant
withstand(抵抗)
withhold(压住,制住)
cata-,cat-(cata-在元音前的变体) 【GK】加在名词上表示“反对,相反”的意义。例如:
catagenesis(退化) catalysis(催化)
cation(阳离子)
当然,我们可以从词典里看到由前缀un-所构成的派生词是大量的,加缀un-的词根,固然也可以加缀前缀in-,但它们的构词功用是不一样的,因为un-词根是活用的前缀,可以自由地加在某些形容词的前面,构成新的派生词,in-是非活用的前缀,除了己有的派生词以外,(多是加在名词前面),不能用来构成新的派生词。
un-是本族语前缀,而in-是拉丁语前缀。在许多词典里,un-的派生词多半是只列具有特殊意义的词,对于一般派生意义很容易推测的,就没有必要把所有派生词罗列出来。相反in-的派生词则是全部罗列出来,这对初学英语的人在查词典时容易掌握和作为用法上的参考。un-这个现代英语的中活用前缀,既可以用来相外来和处来语词根结合,也可以和本族语词根结合,构成新的派生词,从词义上说,un-不仅仅是表示否定意义的,并且还带有明显的褒贬的意思。如unkind(不厚道,不亲切)unworthy(不值得)等。因此,对已经有贬义的词前面,是不用un-这个否定前缀的.例如,一般是不用un- foolish, unugly, unbad, unevil等。严格说来,前缀un-加在动词前面和加在形容词前面;在词源上作为词义有区别的两个前缀。从英语时历史来看;从十七世纪以后,由于大量吸收拉丁语词汇(主要通过法语),渗入了许多带前缀in-的词汇,因而造成了词汇上一定程度的混乱。这样一来,许多同词根而异前缀词义相同的词,逐渐多了起来,所以在用法的分辨感到有些困难。不仅如此,in-与un-混用以后,英语词汇出现了大量否定对似语(negative doublets)例如:
unedible (不适于食用的,不可以吃的),inedible(不适合食用的,不可以食用的);unapt(不配的,不适当的),inapt(不适当的),unmeasurable(不能测量的),immeasurable(不能测量的),unreligious(无信仰的),irreligious(无信仰的)unsanitary(不卫生的),insanitary(不卫生的)等。(disease unease; disinterested uninterested; dislike unlike; disable unable;)
从这些否定对似语来看,它们在词义上是有细微差别的,但作为同义词不达意来说是比较恰当的。这种现象对于分辨对似语之间词义上的细微差别是不容易的。不过像这样的对似语现在虽然已为数不多了,但使用时还是要加以注意。
再者,un-与in-的含义和用法相近似。un-一般是和本族语词干或本族语里已采纳的外来语词干相结合,而in-一般是和拉丁语词干相结合。比较:
unable(不可能的)---- inability(不可能的)
unjust ----injustice
unlucky ----ill-luck in an unlucky hour,偏偏,偏巧
unceasing----incessant(不断的)
unexplained(不能解释的)---- inexplicable (不可解释的)
ungrateful(忘恩负义的)---- ingratitude(忘因负义)
有时,为了区别词义,往往分别用un-和in-。例如:
unexpressive (=inexpressive) (辞不达意),inexpressible (不可言传); unpractical (=impractical) (不切实际), impracticable (行不通)。
另外un-和in-在构词上不有以下区别:
(1)in-或im-开头的单词,不再加in-,而用un-,如unimaginable(不可想象的)unimproved(未改进的)但inimitable(不可摹仿的)例外。
(2)词尾是拉丁语后缀-ate,-ent,-ant,-ite,-ible的单词,多半用-in.
inadequate(不充分的) insubordinate(不服从的)
irrelevant(不相干的) incessant(不停的)
independent(不依赖的) inconsistent(不一致的)
indefinite(不确定的) impolite(不礼貌)
indefensible(无法防御的) infusible(难熔的)
(3)词尾是本族语后缀-able,-ed,-ful,-ing,-like,-ory,-some 的单词,多半用un-。
unable(不可能的) unconquerable(不可征服的)
undecided(未决定的) unlimited(无限的)
unceasing(不断的) unbending(不弯曲的)
unsuccessful(不成功的) unfruitful(无结果的)
unsportsmanlike(不公正的) unsatisfactory(不令人满意的)
unhandsome(不美好的) unwholesome(不适合满意的)
另外在同根词中un-和其他表示“否定”意义的前缀在词类或词义上也有区别。比较:
inhuman(不近人情) unhuman(不属于人类的)
nonhumna(不属于人类的)
immoral(缺德,伤天害理) unmoral(不道德的)
nonmoral(和道德没有关系的)
discomfort(不愉快,不安) uncomfortable(不愉快的,不安的)
misfortune(倒运,不幸) unfortunate(不幸的,倒霉的)
还可以加在合成词,短语及带介词的过去分词词组上。如self-unconscionsly(不紧张),unhearded(闻所未闻的)un-in-one-breath-utterable(一口气说不完的)uncaredfor(无人照管的)unthought-of(没想到的)
sound和voice的区别是什么
sound 【简明英汉词典】
n.声音, 语音, 噪音, 吵闹, 海峡, 听力范围, 探条
adj.健全的, 可靠的, 合理的, 有效彻底的, 健康的
adv.彻底地, 充分地
vi.发出声音, 回响, 测深, 听起来
vt.使发声, 宣告, 听诊, 测...深, 试探
voice 【简明英汉词典】
n.声音, 嗓音, 发音能力, 意见, 发言权, 【语法】语态
vt.表达, 吐露
noise 【简明英汉词典】
n.喧闹声, 噪声, 噪音