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afflict
英：【əflɪkt】美：【əˈflɪkt】
英：
美：
vt.
使苦恼, 折磨
副词:
afflic-tively
名词:
afflicter
动词第三人称单数:
afflicts
形容词:
afflictive
动词现在分词:
afflicting
动词过去分词:
afflicted
动词过去式:
afflicted
greatly trouble torment smite pain cause vex agitate upset harrow perturb cause pain worry distress disturb bother prick torture affect ail
relieve console solace comfort
1 、So they appointed taskmasters over them to
afflict
them with hard labor And they built for Pharaoh storage cities, Pithom and Raamses.───于是埃及人派督工的辖制他们，加重担苦害他们。他们为法老建造两座积货城，就是比东和兰塞。
2 、And youre not to stare when you see what
afflict
s him.─── 等你看到他的毛病 别盯着看
3 、Cities generally have low-achieving schools with many of the same problems that
afflict
rural schools in China: less well-trained staff and fewer resources.───城里的学校一般说来质量较差，那些困扰中国农村学校的很多问题在这些学校中同样存在:缺少训练有素的师资和相对少的财力;
4 、I understand the fear of war and the pain of division that
afflict
this continent, and I pledge to you my countrys efforts to help overcome these burdens.───我理解折磨着这块大陆的对战争的恐惧和分裂的痛苦，我也向你们保证来自我的国家的努力以帮助你们克服这些包袱。
5 、For he doth not
afflict
willingly nor grieve the children of men.───因他并不甘心使人受苦，使人忧愁。
6 、And Delilah said to Samson, Tell me, I pray thee, wherein thy great strength lieth, and wherewith thou mightest be bound to
afflict
thee.───大利拉对参孙说,求你告诉我,你因何有这吗大的力气,当用何法捆绑克制你。
7 、For I know your manifold transgressions and your mighty sins: they
afflict
the just, they take a bribe, and they turn aside the poor in the gate from their right.───我知道你们的罪过何等多,你们的罪恶何等大。你们苦待义人,收受贿赂,在城门口屈枉穷乏人。
8 、I can certainly muddle through this
afflict
ion.─── 这点小病我肯定会挺过去的
9 、A shower of blood shall fall, and a dire famine shall
afflict
mankind.───一阵血雨落下，可怕的饥荒会折磨人类。
10 、24 And ships shall come from the coast of Chittim, and shall
afflict
Asshur, and shall
afflict
Eber, and he also shall perish for ever.───24必有人乘船从基提界而来，苦害亚述，苦害希伯。他也必至沉沦。
11 、They may grant you power,honour,and riches but
afflict
you with servitude,infamy,and poverty.───他们可以给你权力、荣誉和财富,但却用奴役、耻辱和贫穷来折磨你。
12 、Then she began to
afflict
him, and his strength left him.───于是大利拉克制他、他的力气就离开他了。
13 、But animals are generally not susceptible to the diseases that
afflict
humans.───但是动物对困扰人类的疾病往往不易感染。
14 、So they set taskmasters over them to
afflict
them with their burdens. And they built storage cities for Pharaoh, Pithom and Raamses.───11于是埃及人派督工辖制他们，加重担苦害他们。他们为法老建造两座积货城，就是比东和兰塞。
15 、So they appointed taskmasters over them to
afflict
them with hard labor. And they built for Pharaoh storage cities, Pithom and Raamses.───出1:11于是埃及人派督工的辖制他们、加重担苦害他们．他们为法老建造两座积货城、就是比东、和兰塞。
16 、but he is free from the thousands of anxieties with
afflict
other people.───但他不像其他人那样被成千上万桩烦恼折磨。
17 、He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which
afflict
other people.───他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像其他人那样被成千上万桩愁事所折磨。
18 、My work with these humans is to pick up the pieces of self left behind in the third dimension so that the darkness that they left ceases to
afflict
humanity.───我和这些人们的工作是来收集起留在第三密度的自我碎片，以便碎片们所留下的黑暗停止再折磨人类。
19 、He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from ,but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which
afflict
other people.───他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像其他人那样被成千上万桩烦恼折磨。
20 、The labour of fools shall
afflict
them that know not bow to go to the city.───愚人以劳碌为烦恼，因为连怎样进城，他也不知道。
21 、the disease that
afflict
the poor in poor countries.───折磨贫困国家穷人的疾病。
22 、At all costs, he cannot have his
afflict
ion known.─── 无论发生什么 都不能让人知道他的痛苦
23 、For He does not
afflict
willingly Or grieve the sons of men.───哀3:33因他并不甘心使人受苦、人忧愁。
24 、I dont want to
afflict
you with my troubles.───我不想使你为我的困难而苦恼。
25 、It will
afflict
her that I should have interrupted that career which would have made me first a privy councillor, and then minister, and that I should look behind me, in place of advancing.───她本来可以指望儿子当上枢密顾问和公使的，现在竟看着他一下子就把这个锦绣前程断送了，又牵着马回到了马圈！
26 、Greek mythology) a box that Zeus gave to Pandora with instructions that she not open it, she gave in to her curiosity and opened it, all the miseries and evils flew out to
afflict
mankind.───希腊神话)宙斯送给潘多拉的有密码的箱子,她出于好奇心打开了箱子,全部的痛苦和灾难都折磨着人类.
27 、There are a lot of things that
afflict
us, no matter how big or small it is. In the end, is that really what you re looking for in life?───其实生命中有许多事,无论重要也好,微不足道也好,对我们都会产生影响,但它们真的是我们想追求的吗?
28 、And ye shall have on the tenth day of this seventh month an holy convocation; and ye shall
afflict
your souls: ye shall not do any work therein───七月初十日,你们当有圣会。要刻苦己心,什么工都不可作。
29 、To
afflict
with pain or discomfort.───使痛苦或不适
30 、KJV】 And of thy mercy cut off mine enemies, and destroy all them that
afflict
my soul: for I am thy servant.───【新译】求你因你的慈爱使我的仇敌灭绝，求你消灭所有苦害我的人，因为我是你的仆人。
31 、But the words we have discussed here are the only ones that accurately describe the troubles and disorders that
afflict
many people───但是这里所讨论的词语都确切描述了困扰许多人的痛苦和失常现象。
32 、11 Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to
afflict
them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh treasure cities, Pithom and Raamses.───于是埃及人派督工的辖制他们、加重担苦害他们．他们为法老建造两座积货城、就是比东、和兰塞。
33 、And He said to Abram, Know assuredly that your seed will be sojourners in a land that is not theirs, and they will serve them; and they will
afflict
them four hundred years.───13耶和华对亚伯兰说，你要确实知道，你的后裔必寄居别人的地，又服事那地的人；那地的人要苦待他们四百年。
34 、Strike ---- To
afflict
suddenly, as with a disease or an impairment───侵袭如由疾病或伤害使突然痛苦
35 、But ships shall come from Kittim and shall
afflict
Asshur and Eber; and he too shall come to utter destruction."───必有人乘船从基提界而来，苦害亚述，苦害希伯；他也必至沉沦。
36 、Decision-making capacity can be impaired by medical conditions that
afflict
elderly patients, such as dementia, cerebrovascular accidents and depression.───做出医疗决定的能力可被折磨着老人的疾病所影响，如痴呆、脑血管意外、抑郁。
37 、He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from , but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which
afflict
other people.───他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像有人那样被千万桩愁事所折磨。
38 、KJV】 They break in pieces thy people, O LORD, and
afflict
thine heritage.───【新译】耶和华啊！他们欺压你的子民，苦害你的产业。
39 、Any vow and any binding oath to
afflict
herself, her husband may establish, or her husband may make void.───凡她所许的愿和刻苦约束自己所起的誓，她丈夫可以坚定，也可以废去。
40 、Strike this
afflict
ion from our lands forever.─── 要永远除去我们国家的祸害
41 、If thou shalt
afflict
my daughters, or if thou shalt take other wives beside my daughters, no man is with us; see, God is witness betwixt me and thee.───你若苦待我的女儿，又在我的女儿以外另娶妻，虽没有人知道，却有神在你我中间作见证。
42 、I will
afflict
them with famine, deadly diseases and pestilence. I will send them wild beasts and venomous snakes.───我还使尖牙的野兽和土中爬行的毒虫伤害他们。
43 、And she began to
afflict
him, and his strength left him.───于是大利拉起首克制他，他的力气离开了他。
44 、After reviewing the evidence, one modern scholar has noted the absence of most of the problems which
afflict
todays American wives, such as low self esteem and lack of romantic love in marriage.───一位现代学者在回顾这段历史时，注意到当时的妇女并没有今日美国妻子面临的大部分问题，诸如缺乏自尊心和婚姻中没有浪漫的爱等。
45 、The evils which
afflict
the Southern States can only be removed or remedied by the united and harmonious efforts of both races───南部各州所受的不幸，唯有靠两大种族同心协力、和谐共事，才能消除或弥补。
46 、- To have, by then, halted, and begun to reverse, the spread of HIV/AIDS, the scourge of malaria and other major diseases that
afflict
humanity.───- 届时制止并开始扭转艾滋病毒/艾滋病的蔓延、消灭疟疾及其他折磨人类的主要疾病的祸害。
47 、And of thy mercy cut off mine enemies, and destroy all them that
afflict
my soul: for I am thy servant.───凭你的慈爱剪除我的仇敌,灭绝一切苦待我的人,因我是你的仆人。
48 、
afflict
mankind───使人类受痛苦
49 、But ships shall come from the coast of Kittim, And they shall
afflict
Asshur and shall
afflict
Eber; And he also shall come to destruction.───24必有人乘船从基提海岸而来，苦害亚述，苦害希伯；他也必灭亡。
50 、So Delilah said to Samson, "Please tell me where your great strength is and how you may be bound to
afflict
you."───士16:6大利拉对参孙说、求你告诉我、你因何有这麽大的力气、当用何法捆绑克制你。
51 、It shall be unto you a sabbath of rest, and ye shall
afflict
your souls: in the ninth day of the month at even, from even unto even, shall ye celebrate your sabbath.───你们要守这日为圣安息日、并要刻苦己心．从这月初九日晚上、到次日晚上、要守为安息日。
52 、And I will for this
afflict
the seed of David, but not for ever.───39我必因所罗门所行的使大卫后裔受患难，但不至于永远。
53 、They create a double burden on top of the infectious diseases that continue to
afflict
these countries.───它们是感染性疾病高峰的双倍，折磨着这些国家。
54 、One leading expert has said that swine flu might eventually
afflict
up to 40% of the British population.───一名显赫的专家表示，猪流感也许最终会感染英国40%的人口。
55 、To distress;
afflict
.───使悲痛；折磨
56 、How thou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand, and plantedst them; how thou didst
afflict
the people, and cast them out.───你曾用手赶出外邦人，却栽培了我们列祖。你苦待列邦，却叫我们列祖发达。
57 、I myself will be hostile toward you and will
afflict
you for your sins seven times over.───24我就要行事与你们反对，因你们的罪击打你们七次。
58 、And ships shall come from the coast of Chittim, and shall
afflict
Asshur, and shall
afflict
Eber, and he also shall perish for ever.───必有人乘船从基提界而来，苦害亚述，苦害希伯。他也必至沉沦。
59 、Luckily, thats not an
afflict
ion I share.─── 幸运的是 我没有这个烦恼
60 、but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which
afflict
other people.───但他不像有人那样被千万桩愁事所折磨。
61 、(of disaster,disease,etc)
afflict
(sb.sth)───(指灾难、疾病等)5折磨(某人【某事物】)
62 、Afflict him not by might, but fear thy God.───你不可虐待他，但应敬畏你的天主。
63 、And I will
afflict
the seed of David because of this, but not forever.───39我必因所罗门所行的这些恶，使大卫的后裔受患难，但不至于永远。
64 、He will not
afflict
us beyond our power of endurance.───不会折磨得我们超过了承受能力的。
65 、But if thou wilt hear his voice, and do all that I speak, I will be an enemy to thy enemies, and will
afflict
them that
afflict
thee.───如果你听从他的话，作我所吩咐的一切，我要以你的仇人为仇，以你的敌人为敌。
66 、to bring distress or suffering to; plague or
afflict
───使痛苦带来痛苦或折磨；使受难或使受苦
67 、In this world, no anything can
afflict
me.───人间便没有什么能把我折磨。
68 、There may be others with the same
afflict
ion.─── 可能还有其他人在遭受同样的痛苦
69 、The person who is eager to get angry
afflict
himself by his own stick.───1易怒的人像一只反过来卷缩的刺猬，用自己的刺折磨自己。
70 、He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but it is free from the thousands of anxieties which
afflict
other people.───他可能从来没有把握从哪儿搞到下一顿饭，但他没有别人遭受到的千般烦恼。
71 、Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to
afflict
them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh store-cities, Pithom and Raamses.───于是埃及人指派监工，强迫以色列人服苦役，用这方法来打击他们的情绪。以色列人建造比东和兰塞城，作为国王的补给中心。
72 、The familiar problems with Hayeks utopianism about markets
afflict
this extension of his utopian fantasies to the blogosphere.───哈耶克关于市场的乌托邦主义的常见问题也在他对博客空间的乌托邦幻想中得以痛苦地延伸。
73 、Neck pain is a common disorder in neurology, orthopaedics and rehabilitation.Due to refractory prognosis, it does not only
afflict
patients but also cost lots of medical resources.───摘要颈部疼痛在神经科、骨科及复健科是常见的一种疾病，它不仅困扰著病人也消耗了相当多的医疗资源，而且常不能获得良好的改善。
74 、10.He is a powerful disabler, able to
afflict
all soft of curse onto an enemy and has achieved the zenith of demon magics.───他长于瘫痪敌人，能对敌人施放各种各样的诅咒，魔法的程度也已经达到了恶魔法术的顶点。
75 、To have, by then, halted, and begun to reverse, the spread of HIV/AIDS, the scourge of malaria and other major diseases that
afflict
humanity.───届时制止并开始扭转艾滋病毒/艾滋病的蔓延、消灭疟疾及其他折磨人类的主要疾病的祸害。
76 、He will also
afflict
and weaken the Latin Church with many heresies.───他也会带着很多异教来折磨和异化拉丁教会。
77 、"You shall not
afflict
any widow or orphan.───不可苦待**和孤儿，
78 、Or
afflict
ed by something just as damaging.─── 或者是大脑患有其他严重的疾病
79 、Comfort the
afflict
ed, and
afflict
the comfortable.─── 安抚伤心之人 刺痛安逸之人
80 、The patient revealed the source of his
afflict
ion.─── 病人透露了导致他的痛苦的源头
81 、For he does not willingly abase or
afflict
the human race.───因为他苛待和惩罚世人，原不是出于他的心愿。
82 、Their
afflict
ion is more of the mind than of the body.─── 她们精神上的疾病严重于身体上的
83 、To torture or
afflict
as if by broiling.───折磨象烤东西一样地折磨或让人受苦
84 、Mrs. johnson be
afflict
with her husband s failure .───强生夫人为丈夫的失败而痛苦。
85 、To oppress or
afflict
.───压迫，折磨
86 、He was
afflict
with cancer.───他患了癌症。
87 、1.to torment; to
afflict
; to harass; to ill-treat; to torture; to grind down 2.harassment; sufferings; torments───折磨
88 、" Clinton has said, in effect, that Obama speaks well, but that she offers real solutions to the problems that
afflict
the nation.───她已经说过“有效”，欧巴马说得很好，但是她所提供的是真正的解决方法，来解决国家面临的困难问题。
89 、22“You shall not
afflict
any widow or fatherless child.───22不可苦待**和孤儿；
90 、I wish you would not
afflict
me with your constant complains .───我希望你不要总是抱怨而使我苦恼。
英语单词中的重音是怎么规定的？
英语词汇的重音位置是有其规律的。例如：有些双音节词汇做名词时重音往往落在首音节上；而做动词时，重音就落在第二音节上了。这些词汇常见的有：addict，accent，abstract，annex等。掌握好并读准单词的重音有一定的规律可循。为了便于记忆和学习，现将部分规则按重音位置和字母顺序作如下归纳，并从理论上进行简要分析。
一、归类部分
1．重音落在末音节的字母组合
①以-ee结尾，读音为/!>?/的词汇：appellee chimpanzee conferee contestee decree drawee evacuee em-ployee goatee grandee guarantee indictee inductee
②以-act结尾，读音为/$kt/的词汇，多为动词：contact contract detract distract exact enact intact interact
③-air，-aire或-are结尾，读音为/#+/的词汇：affair concessionaire enclair millionaire aware prepare
④以-ade结尾，读音为/eid/的词汇：arcade brigade colonnade escalade escapade（exception：decade）
⑤以-ane结尾，读音为/ein/的词汇：inane insane profane humane
⑥以-ceive结尾，读音为/s!>?v/的动词：conceive deceive perceive receive
⑦以-duce结尾，读音为/dj(>?s/的词汇：conduce deduce induce introduce reduce reproduce subduce traduceseduce
⑧以-ease结尾，读音为/!>?s/或/!>?z/的词汇：appease decease decrease disease increase predecease release sub-lease surcease
⑨以-een结尾，读音为/!>?n/的名词：colleen canteen pretteen Salween shagreen thirteen spalpeenvelevteen yestreen
⑩以-eer结尾，读音为/i+/的名词：cannoneer compeer domineer engineer fronteer gadgeteer gazetterpamphleteer patrioteer
(11)以-ect结尾，读音为/ekt/的动词：affect bisect collect defect direct detect correct confect connectdisinfect eject elect
(12)以-ede结尾，读音为d/的动词：accede antecede concede impede intercede precede recede retrocedesecede supercede
(13)以-end结尾，读音为/end/的动词：attend amend commend comprehend contend defend depend extendintend represend subtend
(14)以-el结尾，读音为/el/的词汇：compel impel Nobel marcel propel rebel（v．）
(15)以-ert结尾，
的词汇：assert concert convert desert introvert subvert
(16)以-ese结尾，
的词汇：Chinese Japanese Napalese sudanese telegraphese vietnamese
(17)以-clude结尾，的动词：conclude exclude include occlude preclude seclude
(18)以-esce结尾，读音为/es/的词汇：coalesce deliquesce effloresce evanesce recrudesce
(19)以-ess结尾，读音为/es/的动词：compress confess depress express impress profess redress represssuppress transgress若不是动词，以-ess结尾，的词汇之重音位置不固定：progress congress process unless
(20)以-est结尾，读音为/est/的动词：adjest congest contest digest infest protest suggest
(21)以-ette结尾，读音为/et/的词汇：cassette cigarette brunette coquette chemisette forssette frisettegazette grisette
(22)以-form结尾的动词：conform perform reform transform（但uniform是名词）
(23)以-ict结尾，读音为/ikt/的动词：afflict conflict constrict contradict inflict predict restric
(24)以-ide结尾，读音为/aid/的词汇：aside astride beside confide divide provide reside subside
(25)以-ign结尾，读音为/ain/的动词：assign condign design consign resign
(26)以-ire结尾，读音为/ai+/的动词：conspire esquire expire desire inquire inspire require respire
(27)以-lapse结尾，读音为/l$ps/的词汇：collapse prolapse relapse
(28)以-mit结尾，读音为/mit/的词汇：admit commit demit emit intermit omit permit pretermit remitsubmit transmit（若是名词，重音落在首音节，如：limit summit vomit）
(29)以-ort结尾的动词：disport distort escort export import report retort support trans-port（若是名词，重音多落在首音节：escort export import bistort purport等。）
(30)以-ore结尾词汇：afore before deplore explore restore
(31)以-pose结尾，读音为/p+us/、/p+uz/的动词：depose decompose expose impose interpose oppose indispose predis-pose propose suppose
(32)以-scribe结尾，读音为/skraib/的词汇：conscribe describe escribe prescribe subscribe transcribe
(33)以-scend结尾，读音为/send/的词汇：ascend condescend descend transcend
(34)以-oon结尾的词汇：afternoon balloon buffoon cartoon cocoon decocoon dragoon festoongalloon octoroon pocaroon（exception：forenoon）
(35)以-que结尾，读音为/k/的词汇：antique boutique blottesque burlesque arabesque cacique critiquegrotesque Japanesque mystique
(36)以-r结尾，现在分词和过去分词均要双写r（-red，-ring）：demur incur inter infer occur prefer recur refer transfer
(37)以-uct结尾，读音为/)kt/的词汇：conduct construct deduct instruct obstruct product
(38)以-ult结尾的词汇：consult exult insult occult midcult result
(39)以-ume结尾的词汇：assume consume perfume presume subsume
(40)以-use结尾的词汇：accuse confuse excuse perfuse refuse suffuse transfuse
(41)以-ure结尾，读音为/ju+/的词汇：accure impure immure insecure insure inure mature obscure per-dure procure secure（exceptions：epicure manicure）
2．重音落在倒数第二个音节的字母组合：
①以-ial结尾，读音为/+l/、/i+l/或/j+l/的词汇：/+l/：confidential decrial existential impartial inferential inffluentialinitial prejudicial sacrificial substantial/i+l/：authorial bimestrial colloquial gressorial material mercurialministerial motorial pictorial prefatorial tectorial visitorial/j+l/：antimonial bicentennial colonial
②以-ian结尾，读音为/+n/、/i+n/、/j+n/的词汇：/+n/：academician arithmetician acoustician electrician Eurasian Lin-guistician musician Persian politician practician/i+n/、/j+n/：Cantabrigian collegian Colombian historian rosarian salu-tatorian subclavian
③以-ia结尾，读音为/i+/的词汇：国名、地名：Australia Ethiopia Indonesia Malaysia Mauritania Roma-nia医学：abulia achromatopsia acidemia acrophobia aerophobia bilharziainsomnia其他：academia acedia cryptomeria razzia encyclopedia
④以-ic结尾，读音为/ik/偶或包括以-ics结尾的词汇：atomatic atmospheric autarkic autographic ballistic climatic cosmeticenteric epidemic
⑤以-ior结尾，读音为/i+/的词汇，形容词居多：inferior junior posterior prior senior superior ulterior
⑥以-it结尾，读音为/it/的词汇：cohabit demerit discredit discomfit decrepit deposit explicit dispiritdisinherit inspirit inherit inhabit inhibit reposit transit visit
⑦以-scence（n．）或-scent（adj）结尾：acescence acquiescence deliquescence convalescence evanescence obso-lescence reminiscence renascence decrescent marcescent pubescent re-crudescent quiescent resipiscent suffrutescent
⑧以-ion或-sion结尾：accusaion abolition confusion explosion decision impression persua-sion excitation suggestion invitation
3．重音落在倒数第三个音节的字母组合：
①以-fy结尾，读音为/fai/的动词：acidify identify intensify emulsify lapidify personify qualify modifyprettify simplify transmogrify
②以-ical结尾，读音为/ik+l/的词汇：academical chemical electrical political periodical encyclical teleologi-cal inimical theoretical technological
③以-icide结尾，读音为/isaid/的词汇：suicide aborticide acaricide foeticide fratricide herbicide infanticideliberticide uxoricide
④以-itude结尾的词汇：attitude decrepitude infinitude lassitude latitude platitude
⑤以-ity结尾，读音为/iti/的词汇：ability curiosity civility facility fragility opportunity personalitypossibility sensitivity simplicity speciality utility vanity whimsicality
⑥以-graph或-phy结尾的词汇：aerography bibliography biography calligraphy chirography geographylexicography photography planography telegraphy theosophy philosophy
⑦以-ology结尾的词汇：aerology bibliology bryology crytology ecology Egyptology lexicologytechnology pestology psychology testaceology teleology theology zoology
⑧以-otomy结尾的词汇：neurotomy tenotomy tracheotomy trichotomy
⑨以-ular结尾，读音为/jul+/的词汇：biangular binocular consular insular intercelluar ocular orbicularpopular particular secular regular triangular
4．词汇加了前缀后的重读位置①重读落在第一音节的词汇，加前缀后，重读位置不变：dazzle—bedazzle operate—cooperateforce—enforce logical—illogicalliterate—illiterate constant—inconstant②重读落在第二音节的词汇，加前缀后，原重读位置不受影响，但前缀的字母组合作为一个音节可重读或次重读：produce—reproducegraduate—postgraduatenational—internationalimpressionism—neo-impressionism（the only exception：finite—infinie）
二、简析部分从语言学的角度来分析，英语的词重音（word stress）的位置是不固定的。英语与某些别的语言不同，例如：法语词汇的重音总是在词的末音节上；与法语相反的是捷克语，它的重音总是落在词的首音节上，而波兰语却独特一些，重音位置总是落在词汇的倒数第二个音节上，因此，这些语言的重音称为固定重音（fixed stress），而英语和俄语的重音则是自由重音（free stress）。英语本身吸收并借用了大量的外来语（loan words），以历史语言学或词源学（etymology）的观点来剖析，就不难解释为什么英语重音属于自由重音这一现象。例如：以-ion和-ic结尾的英语词汇重音往往落在倒数第二个音节上，而-ion和-ic结尾的字母组合则源于拉丁语。以-ee结尾的英语词汇重音总是落在末音节上，若追溯它的同源词（cognate），我们可以看到-ee这一后缀源于Middle English的-e，而-e又来源于Middle French的-é，若再追本溯源，乃是来自于Old French的-é。再考察以-ette后缀结尾的词汇，－ette后缀也是经历了从Old French到Middle French再到Middle English这一相似的演变过程，直至现在，仍然保留了法语的重音特征，与现代法语的词重音总是落在末音节这一规律完全吻合。
什么单词包含这些字母:a i c f f r t
afflict 【əflɪkt】
【词典释义】vt. 1. 使痛苦,使苦恼,折磨
【网络释义】1.使痛苦，折磨 2.使苦恼，折磨 3.使痛苦，使苦恼