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splurge
英：【splɜ:dʒ】美：【splɜ:dʒ】
英：
美：
n.
挥霍, 炫耀
v.
挥霍, 乱花
动词过去分词:
splurged
动词第三人称单数:
splurges
动词现在分词:
splurging
形容词:
splurgy
动词过去式:
splurged
1 、Saw your loveliness, without
splurge
, without luxury, without prudency, without banality, without finish.───看见你的美，不张扬，不奢华，不腼腆，不平凡，注定了没有完美。
2 、When he has saved up again, he plans to
splurge
on a digital camera or flat-screen TV.───等他已经把钱存好了，他还计划“一掷千金‘地购买一部数码相机或者是一台平板电视。
3 、I know its a
splurge
, but I can afford it.─── 我知道是挺揮霍 但我能負擔得起
4 、Make a meal out of a favorite treat and youll be less tempted to overindulge on your
splurge
foods.───用最爱的材料做一餐食物，你就不会沉溺于你的食物狂欢了。
5 、A shaky government has done surprisingly well in restoring macroeconomic stability after the near-disastrous spending and borrowing
splurge
in the early years of this decade.───在上世纪90年代，匈牙利近乎灾难性的大肆挥霍和向外借款。在这之后，一个不稳定的政府重新恢复了宏观经济的稳定性，其效果之好，令人惊异。
6 、The opposition reckoned the tax would allow the government to
splurge
before municipal elections next year.───反对者认为此税将会使政府可以在明年地方选举前有充足资金来收买人心。
7 、For years, Catherine Monk would ignore her sweet tooth, then
splurge
on half a pint of ice cream───几年来，Catherine Monk一直克制自己对甜食的渴望，压制不了时，就无节制地吃半品脱冰淇淋。
8 、She went out on a
splurge
when she got her first wage packet.───她第一次拿到工资就出去大肆挥霍。
9 、He went flying into the crowd while chasing a loose ball, sharing time briefly with those who can afford to
splurge
on tickets at Staples Center.───一次捡球的时候他飞入人群，和湖人的那些大牌球迷们简单的庆祝了一番。
10 、Her artworks always contain deep worldly thinking.So the
splurge
of technique has been put to a subordinate position as to aviod the criticism of mediocrity.───她的绘画总是带有一种深邃的人生玄思在里面，技术的炫耀反而被置于一个相对次要的地位，以使绘画免遭平庸的戕害。
11 、And the more people youre shopping with, the more your chances of a
splurge
increase.───一起去购物的人数越多，人们挥霍的几率会越大。
12 、EXAMPLE: Since it was his 40th birthday, the group decided to
splurge
and take their friends to lunch at their towns most expensive restaurant.───在成立40周年之际，集团决定铺张一回，请他们的朋友到他们镇上最贵的餐厅吃午餐。
13 、" You feel like youre investing in your health, so a little
splurge
cant hurt.───你觉得你是在为你的健康投资，所以一点炫耀是没有什么害处的。
14 、ISort, Sell, Splurge!Three great games become a brand new, one-of-a-kind experience where seek &find is just the beginning.───3个极棒的游戏转变成为一款崭新的，独特的游戏，搜索寻找仅仅是游戏的开始部分。
15 、He inherit one big stroke property, and
splurge
it within one year.───他继承了一大笔财产，一年之内就挥霍光了。
16 、Contra-cyclical capital requirements, forcing banks to build more reserves during good times, will leave them less cash to
splurge
on bonuses.───反周期的资金需求迫使银行在经济较好的时候多储备资金，而这种需求给银行更少的资金来发红利。
17 、The government is trying to regain control of public finances after a
splurge
to win last years election.───在靠挥霍金钱赢得去年的选举后，匈牙利政府正试着重新控制公共财政。
18 、You can invest half your paycheck in serums and creams - even
splurge
on dermal fillers and pricey facials - but none of it will get you far without a skin-friendly diet.───你可能会花费你一半的工资在购买乳液和乳霜，甚至挥霍在昂贵的面膜和美容上面，但只是这些是不够的，再加上皮肤营养膳食，皮肤就会更加完美。
19 、Splurge on pretty padded hangers so clothes stay in store-bought shape.───多花些钱在漂亮的软垫衣架上,从而你的衣服就一直保持了商店里买来的形状。
20 、 Fewer than a third said they would
splurge
on a gift for their spouses or children this holiday season.───不到三分之一的人说他们今年假期不会大肆花钱给自己的伴侣或孩子买礼物。
21 、to
splurge
money on race track───在赌马赛上挥霍无度
22 、You
splurge
d on a classic because youre sensible.─── 你把钱花在经典品牌上因为你懂这个道理
23 、If you discover that you’re addicted to deals, you can try a few ways to combat the urge to
splurge
.───如果你发现你也很喜欢买促销品，那么你可以通过一些方法来阻止挥霍的欲望.
24 、Going to dinner,
splurge
d on a babysitter.─── 我们打算请个保姆 然后去吃个饭
25 、In fact, say analysts at HSBC, a bank, its Keynesian
splurge
is one of the worlds least green.───事实上，汇丰银行分析人士称，银行的凯恩斯主义式挥霍是世界最不绿色环保方式之一。
26 、Whats really at stake here is a quest for beauty.Enjoying simple but inexpensive pleasures like nature walks and museums can quell the urge to
splurge
.───每天当然应当安排些时间娱乐，但干些像烤东西、刷墙壁之类的杂活对治愈你的洁癖也是大有好处的哦。
27 、Splurge gathers, and now my curse begins.It shall not end until my death.───炫耀将至，我从今开始诅咒，至死方休。
28 、One day she decided to
splurge
on horse-jumping lessons at a local riding stable.───一天，她决定到当地的一家驯马场，尽情体验一下越障训练的乐趣。
29 、Im feeling so good I
splurge
d on lobster.─── 我心情好到在龙虾上挥霍了一把
30 、Lets
splurge
on a fried chicken for one time.───我们就奢侈一次买只炸鸡吧。
31 、
splurge
millions on the wedding───为婚礼花费了几百万元
32 、The victory meeting should be one without any
splurge
.───庆功会应该开成一个毫不炫耀摆阔的会。
33 、Theyre eating, you know, a lot of people say, “Well, Ill be really good all week, and then Ill just
splurge
on the weekends.”───他们会吃东西，你知道，很多人说：“好的，我这周一直表现不错，然后我会在周末大快朵颐。”
34 、However, it was reactivated two years later as the politically motivated urge to
splurge
once again took over.───但是，两年后，政治驱动的挥霍之风再次抬头，债务钟又被激活。
35 、(on)
splurge
on a new hat───花很多钱买了一顶帽子
36 、And now that American spending is faltering, a
splurge
is welcome.───况且既然美国消费踌躇不前，那炫耀一下也未尝不可。
37 、How much money do you have to
splurge
?───这样的话，试问，你还能有多少钱可供挥霍呢？
38 、And if youre in the market for a bit of a
splurge
, Atopalm MLE Cream is a wonderful option for dry, sensitive skin.───这就是为什么你会在冬天因皮肤干燥而烦恼：皮肤防线瓦解，类脂物无法有效将皮肤细胞结为一体。
39 、This is producing a spending
splurge
on steroids.Excluding SUVs, almost as many cars are being sold in China as in America.───结果是一轮消费狂潮：不算运动型多功能车的话，中国的汽车销售量几乎跟美国持平。
40 、Foreign capital inflows may have been too big or too quick, leading to a consumption and construction
splurge
, fuelled by reckless lending to firms and households, often in foreign currencies.───境外资本流入也呈现出过大或者过快的问题，从而引致了消费和建筑领域的肆意挥霍；
41 、Check out this post we did a while back listing what you should
splurge
on and what you should save on.───点击这篇我们后发表的文章， 文章列出了什么是您该挥霍的，什么是该节省的.
42 、Beijing is wise to temper this borrowing and lending
splurge
.───北京缓和这种借贷狂热的做法是明智的。
43 、Its basic character is
splurge
, vogue and devour.───炫耀性、时尚性和挥霍性是消费主义的基本特征。
44 、ex. I had a
splurge
and bought two new suits.───我大手大脚花了一笔钱买了两套新西装。
45 、This happens to a lot of people when they try to economize: theyre so pleased with themselves for looking for the best buy on tuna fish that they
splurge
by buying a DVD.───这会发生在许多想要节省的人们的身上:他们对自己在购买到最划算的金**鱼上感到十分满意，以至于最后挥霍地买了一台DVD。
46 、In cozy Copenhagen,
splurge
on pastries, visit the Little Mermaid and dance till dawn at Tivoli Gardens.───在安逸的哥本哈根，可以尽情享用美味的馅饼，看望一下小美人鱼，在蒂沃利公园跳舞到天明。
47 、Splurge gathers, and now my curse begins. It shall not end until my death.───汝等与我将生命与荣耀献于死死团，今夜如此，夜夜皆然。
48 、Big-spending luxury consumers have continued to
splurge
on pricey handbags and jewelry, even as the global financial crisis has forced them to cut back in other areas.───尽管金融危机迫使的平时大手大脚的奢侈品消费者们在其它方面削减成本，但这些人对名贵箱包珠宝依然热情不减，挥金如土。
49 、IN RECENT years the yen has been a profitable carry-trade currency, used by investors to borrow cheaply in order to
splurge
on risky assets around the world.───近些年日圆成为了有利可图的套息交易的货币，投资者可以用便宜的价格借到日圆，并大肆把它们用于投资全球的高风险的资产。
50 、You might
splurge
on a big-screen TV, or you might
splurge
by going to a more convenient gym.───你也许在大屏幕电视上挥霍，或者你也许是在去一个更方面的健身房上面挥霍。
51 、to
splurge
for ones talent───卖弄才学
52 、I
splurge
d and got the kind the bears like.─── 我奢侈了一次 买了熊会喜欢的卫生纸【**内容】
53 、Saving rewards points for your dream vacation or another
splurge
runs the risk of the points expiring or never being used.───累积积分的好处是也许能够实现你梦想的假期或者其他值得炫耀的奖项，但是风险就是可能商家会终止积分，或你一直没机会使用这些积分。
54 、Splurge: To indulge in an extravagant expense or luxury,───纵容自己奢侈。
55 、Dont be afraid to
splurge
a little, sweetheart.─── 小宝贝 稍微秀下恩爱也不错哦
56 、So much of the spending
splurge
of the past decade has gone into the public services that they are likely to yield the greatest savings.───过去十年里，公职部门挥霍的开支令人咂舌，最大幅度的削减恐怕要从这些部门开始。
57 、Well
splurge
on a trip in France next year.───明年咱们去法国挥霍玩个痛快。
58 、Remember: you are ruled by the feet - so
splurge
on some great walking shoes!───记住：步行对你是最有效的，那就赶紧多买几双旅游鞋吧！
59 、Ab, $12.99 is such a
splurge
for wine.─── 小艾 12.99买红酒太浪费了
60 、Housing sales are still well below their levels in the boom years, and given the uncertain economy and rising unemployment, Chinese consumers arent likely to
splurge
this year.───中国住房销量仍然明显低于住房热潮时期的水平，而且考虑到经济前景不明朗，失业人数不断上升，中国消费者今年不太可能大举支出。
61 、EXAMPLE: Believing that visitors needed to be impressed, the boss decided to buy extravagantly beautiful furniture for the new office as a
splurge
.───老板认为，有必要给来访者留下深刻印象，所以决定给新办公室购买特别好看的家具，显摆一下。
62 、Splurge on manicures and pedicures.───修手脚指甲。
63 、Oh, my darlings like to
splurge
once in a while.─── 我的宝贝们喜欢过阵子就挥霍一通
64 、Valentine’s Day was a great chance to
splurge
, but heck, what about a good round of Easter and Passover presents.───情人节是挥霍下的好机会，但为什么不弄复活节，逾越节礼物呢？
65 、3.
splurge
vt. &vi.───乱花(钱)；糟蹋(钱)；
66 、Twice a year, I
splurge
on an economy shuttle.─── 一年两次 我把钱都花在经济飞梭上了
67 、
splurge
it───【美】生活奢华, 任意挥霍
68 、Still, the Gulfs
splurge
might be better spent if governments were doing even less of the splurging.───但是，如果政府的炫耀性建设再少一些的话，这种炫耀会是更好的消费。
69 、Billionaires swarmed into Nice to
splurge
millions during the summer holidays.───暑期休假时,亿万富翁们群趋尼斯挥霍了百万巨款。
70 、And tens of millions of less well-heeled consumers routinely
splurge
on high-end products.───那么,千百万自备消费者日常挥霍高端产品.
71 、Expectant mothers are simultaneously cautioned by doctors to gain no more than 35 pounds and egged on by friends and family to
splurge
because theyre eating for two.───在医生警告准妈妈们孕期增重不该超过35磅的同时，朋友家人却以准妈妈是在为两个人吃东西而鼓动她们大吃特吃。
72 、Because youre ruled by luxury-loving Venus, though, its important for you to make an occasional
splurge
.───不过，你也舍得为自己心爱的玩意花大价钱，因此在买它时比比价格再做决定。
73 、How about you, George? Im all for it myself. Were free this afternoon. Lets really
splurge
.───你认为怎么样，乔治？我非常赞成。我们今天下午没事。让我们喝个痛快。
74 、In addition, saving up a whole weeks alcohol quota for a weekend
splurge
is not recommended, both for the large load of calories added and for the negative health and social impact.───另外，考虑到大量热量的积累和对健康及社会会造成负面影响，也不赞成把一周的酒精配额攒到周末一次性摄入。
75 、Taking a pedicab there is my weekly
splurge
.─── 坐三轮去那儿是我每周一次的挥霍
76 、So it must
splurge
now.───因此，必须现在巩固优势。
77 、There are three things that cant be wasted, body, money and love. You
splurge
them and get more kicks than halfpence;───有三样东西不能浪费：身体，金钱和爱情。妳若肆意挥霍，则会得不偿失！
78 、So far, the American rich and the trading-up crowd are in no mood to
splurge
for high-price, high-visibility status goods.───迄今为止，美国有钱人和上层社会还没什么心思炫耀昭示身份的高价奢侈品。
79 、Im all for it myself. Were free this afternoon. Lets really
splurge
.───我非常赞成喝点酒，今天下午我们都没事，我们就喝个痛快吧。
80 、I had a
splurge
and bought two new suits.───我大手大脚花了一笔钱买了两套新衣服。
81 、Blithely rolling over unpayable debts is not the hallmark of a healthy banking system. China has not got to grips with its last lending
splurge
, let alone this one.───轻率地将无力偿还的债务展期，并非健康银行体系的标志。中国连上一次大举放贷遗留的问题都没有解决，更别提今年的大举放贷了。
82 、Sure you may
splurge
here and there to celebrate your newfound financial milestone, but it won’t be over the top.───的确你可能在这个地方挥霍在另外的地方为新形成的财政转折点而庆祝，但是不可能超越这个顶点。
83 、
splurge
on───v. 挥霍, 浪费
84 、Managers may also have learned a lesson from the investment
splurge
of the 1990s.───经理人们还有可能是在上世纪90年代投资烧钱热中学到了教训。
85 、In only two nations (hint: red wine and the Riviera) did most people vote to
splurge
.───只有在两个国家（提示：红葡萄酒和里维埃拉），最多的人选择用于挥霍。
86 、Enjoying simple but inexpensive pleasures like nature walks and museums can quell the urge to
splurge
.───享受简单的廉价的快乐如简单的散步和参观博物馆就是治愈你坏毛病的良方。
87 、Secondly, show China and show Beijing to righthearted, sincere foreigners objectively. Neither
splurge
something seriously, nor conceal something deliberately.───其次，更好地、更客观地向正直的国际友人展现中国，展现北京。没必要刻意炫耀什么，也没必要遮遮掩掩。
88 、Today, a mocha malt Frappuccino is my favorite
splurge
.───如今，法布奇诺是我的最喜欢的奢侈。
89 、Dont hesitate to
splurge
on domestic delights that afford long-term pleasure, like expensive cookware, fluffy towels and designer sheets.───别犹豫了，赶紧去买些方便又实用的家庭必需品吧，炊具、巾和床单都会给你带来快乐。
90 、Everything I
splurge
on in my life comes back to bite me.───我这辈子挥霍过的每样东西都曾改头换面后来向我寻仇。
七夕特别笔记：Wedding Wows
Wedding wows
标题是个双关，wedding vows 婚礼誓词，但这里用了wows，体现了一点出乎意料的情绪。这篇文章讲的也是中式婚礼的变迁。
How the one-child policy changed Chinese nuptials .
nuptials必须带着s，上周我们整理的The Good Wife追剧笔记中也有出现Nuptials的变体：prenuptial婚前发生的，也经常看到婚前协议的简写pre-nup。
OVERSIZE cupids in pink, furry outfits hand out heart-shaped balloons with “I Do” written on them (in English) at a wedding -themed trade fair in Beijing. Vendors offer romantic photo-shoots of couples under water or at a racetrack, personalised wedding cigarettes, and biscuits with names such as “Date & Fate”. An emphasis on love is a new addition to Chinese weddings—and shines a pink-filtered spotlight on social change.
第一句话中，outfit特指在特殊场合中穿的全套服装，做及物动词时，注意介词搭配：outfit sb./sth. In/with sth. 为……搭配全套装备/服装。
-themed这个构词，以……为主题的，比如a Hawaiian-themed party夏威夷主题的聚会，themed hotels主题酒店。
photo-shoot 跟photograph不太一样的地方在于，它是更加专业的摄影，而且通常是给名人麻豆拍的摄影。
最后一句可以get到一个很好用的写作词组：shine a spotlight on sth，将…置于聚光灯下，可以引申为聚焦于…、关注…，比如 Campaigners say its helped to shine a spotlight on the violent consequences of the trade in illicit diamonds. 社会运动人士认为，此次事件有助人们聚焦非法钻石交易带来的暴力犯罪后果。
For centuries, marriage in China was about ensuring heirs for the grooms family. Ceremonies centred on the grooms kin : couples kowtowed to the mans parents but the womans relatives were absent. Unusually, both the grooms and the brides family exchanged money or goods. The more money changed hands, the more opulent the wedding.
第一句话可以完完整整套用到有关爱情与婚姻或者中国传统家庭观念等相关话题的写作中：For centuries, marriage in China was about ensuring heirs for the grooms family. 几百年来，结婚在中国意味着确保新郎家的香火延续。
heir 【eər】 ，注意没有h的音，继承人，后嗣，就是国人说的香火。
kin统称家属，亲属，加上后缀-ship，kinship，则可表示亲情或亲密的感情。
kowtow 这个词应该是从中文音译过去的，扣头，很自然地联想到卑躬屈膝、马首是瞻的样子，所以可以引申为顺从巴结，比如如果你看不惯办公室里的马屁精戏精，你可以在心里默默diss：See how stupidly they kow-tow to persons higher in the hierarchy. 瞧他们对上级唯命是从的样子是多么的愚蠢。看，kowtow这个词更多用于贬义。
最后一句关注这个词opulent 【ˈɒpjʊlənt】极富有的，阔绰的，这句话是说，转手的彩礼钱越多，婚礼越奢华。
After it came to power in 1949, the Communist Party imposed frugality . Dowries consisted of necessities like bed linen or a bicycle; guests brought their own food coupons . But since the 1980s the extravagance of nuptials has matched the countrys rise. Celebrations moved out of homes into hotels. Brides swapped traditional red dresses for white, flouncy meringue-like ones (some now wear both, in sequence).
Come to power，也可以用rise to power，当权执政。
中文里常说提倡勤俭节约，第一句就提供了表达impose frugality，动词也可以用practice.
接下来的几个名词比较中国特色，dowry嫁妆，bed linen床单枕套，food coupon就是粑粑麻麻小时候国家发行的粮票啦。
But since the 1980s the extravagance of nuptials has matched the countrys rise.这句话写得很简洁，主要是match一词用得不错。从字面来看，婚礼的铺张赶上了国家的兴盛。那也就是体现一个前因后果，国家富裕了之后，婚礼也开始铺张浪费大操大办起来。
注意到没有，这句话还有frugality的反义词extravagance。
最后一句话注意swap sth for sth，把……换成……，下次用这个词组替换replace。
女生爱穿的荷叶边衣服，荷叶边怎么说？Flounce，荷叶边的裙子穿上身之后，走起路来裙摆就一抖一抖的，所以也有那么一点盛气凌人的感觉。flounce做动词就有了这么一个意思，怒气冲冲的走路，flounce out of the room气呼呼地走出了房间，可以联想着记忆。
meringue蛋白酥，meringue-like 像蛋白酥的一样的，这个构词法跟前面提到的-themed是一样的。
A large industry has emerged to serve the 13m couples who marry each year. Wedding planners are increasingly common, particularly in cities. A decade ago Cosmo Bride, an American-owned lifestyle magazine, launched a Chinese-language edition in China. An average wedding cost $12,000 in 2011 (the latest year for which such data exist)— the equivalent of more than two years income for the average urban household . An increase in the average marriage age by 2.5 years since 1990 has given parents (who still usually pay for weddings, despite the earning power of their children) more time to save up.
equivalent等同物，等价物，the equivalent 就是12,000 dollars的同位语，Be the equivalent of 堪比，相当于，等同于，无异于。
普通城市家庭，the average urban household，household与family的区别如下：
作名词时，family常见的意义有“家庭”、“家属”、“子女”、“家族”。要特别注意的是，如果有人说I have a family. 不是说“我结婚了”，亦不是“我成家了”，而是“我有孩子了”。比如：She has the sole responsibility for a large family. 她要独自承担抚养一大群子女的责任。
而family 作形容词时，意思为“老少咸宜的”（designed to be suitable for children as well as adults），比如：a family newspaper全家人/成年人和未成年人都能看的报纸。
Household意思为 a house and its occupants regarded as a unit。尽管很多时候household也翻译成“家庭”、“一家人”，但是要注意这里它和family的区别在于：
household包含的是住在一起的人，可以是亲属，也可以不是亲属，比如佣人、管家或者其他成员，有点类似我们国家说的“户口”、“户”的含义，比如我国人口普查报告中有一个概念“家庭户”，官方提供的译文是 family household。而在这一层面上，family只是指有血缘关系的家庭。
最后一句，save up 和save同义，储蓄，save up for sth.为了……而存钱。
The change in wedding frippery also reflects a fundamental shift in society. For the first time in the history of Chinese family life, the child—rather than ancestors or parents—is regarded as the centre of the family, says Yan Yunxiang of the University of California, Los Angeles. Most newly-weds now are single children, born since the one-child policy was introduced more than 30 years ago. Parents have more to spend if they only have to fork out for one wedding (they usually share costs with the spouse-to-bes family).
第一句frippery 【ˈfrɪpəri】，多余无用的东西，花哨的装饰品，也可以指艳俗的服装或装饰物。
For the first time in the history/in one’s life...放在句首，强调the first time，比如For the first time in years the U.S airline industry is in terrific shape.
newly-weds，s要跟着，新婚夫妇，〔一对〕新人
最后一句fork out (for sth)，fork out sth (for/on sth) 大量花钱，大把掏钱，而且通常是不情愿的。可以和上一段的save up合在一起记忆。比如：forked out a small fortune on education在教育上花了不少钱。
同样表示花了不少钱的表达还有:
Shell out: 付 (一大笔钱)，比如：You wont have to shell out a fortune for it. 你将不必为它花一大笔钱。
Pour into: 大量投入〔金钱〕于〔某事物〕，比如They’ve poured thousands of pounds into developing the business. 他们已经投入几千英镑开发这项业务。
Splurge: 乱花钱，挥霍，splurge (sth) on sth，比如Within a couple of months, I’d splurged about £2,500 on clothes.就在几个月时间里，我买衣服花掉了 2,500 英镑。
Splash out on sth.:大肆挥霍(金钱)
William Jankowiak of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, who has documented relationships in China for 30 years, says love plays a larger part in young peoples lives—both in choice of partner and in their relationships with parents. Love is far more often spoken about. The result is evident in weddings, which now focus on the couple. Both sets of parents are represented, but their position is peripheral. Weddings often feature a day of wedding photos, shot before the event, with the couple in a range of outfits against romantic backgrounds , but with no family members.
第一句的document是及物动词，记录，记载，比如The effects of smoking have been well documented.有关吸烟的影响记录翔实。
Both sets of parents are represented, but their position is peripheral.双方父母，both sets of parents。双方父母都会出席，但只是peripheral次要的；附带，比如peripheral and boring information.无关紧要的无聊信息。父母只是婚礼上的陪衬。
feature 以…为特色，是…的特征，翻译的时候可以说，具有……的特点，……的特点是……，或者简单地翻译成通常……，比如文中这句话：Weddings often feature a day of wedding photos, shot before the event婚礼现场当天通常饰以在此前拍摄的婚纱照。
Weddings often feature a day of wedding photos, shot before the event, with the couple in a range of outfits against romantic backgrounds, but with no family members. 婚礼现场当天通常饰以在此前拍摄的婚纱照，在浪漫的背景下，夫妻穿上一系列服装拍摄婚纱照，但没有家庭成员参与其中。
这句话也可以直接记下来，用于描述中国式的婚礼，口语写作两相宜
against the background, against a background of sth以…为背景。
如何发音
英语是拼音文字，所有的词汇都是由26个字母拼出来的，而在成千上万的不同拼法中，基本发音因素却只有39-47个，这说明26个字母与基本音素间是有着一定的关联的。
但是，英语是属于比较深奥的拼音文字，也就是说26个字母与基本音素之间没有一对一的对应关系，而是一对多和多对一的复杂关系，这对学习英语词汇的发音和拼写无疑增加了难度。尽管如此，人们还是总结出了很多发音规律，这些规律对于绝大多数英文词汇都是适用的，这就是自然拼音法。英文的26个字母，分为元音和辅音，其中元音只有5个，即a，e，i，o，u，其余字母均为辅音。对于大多数辅音来说，它们的发音是一对一的，而有少数几个辅音字母，每个字母有两个或以上的发音。
1
字母与发音一一对应的辅音
b -- ball
d -- dog
f -- fish
h -- hat
j -- jump
k -- kite
l -- leg
m -- man
n -- not
p -- pen
q – quick
r -- run
s -- sun
t -- ten
v -- vest
w -- water
z -- zoo
（注意q与u总是连在一起的）
2
有多个发音的辅音：
字母 发音 例词
c字母c后面接a，o，u的时候，c的发音与字母k发音相同，叫做“hard c sound”cat, cap, call, coat, cup
当字母c后面接e，i，或y的时候，通常c的发音与字母s发音相同，叫做“soft c sound”city, ice, rice, face, cell, cent,voice, pencil, juice
有时在e或i前面，c会发/sh/音ocean, racial, social
g字母g后面接a，o，u的时候，所发的音叫做“hard g sound” girl, gas, get,give, go
当字母g后面接e，i，或y的时候，有时g的发音与字母j的发音相同，叫做“软g音”age,change, ginger, Egypt, gentle, giraffe, badge
特例：forget, give, girl中的g发hard sound
xx在单词中间或结尾时发/ks/音box, next, mix, six,fox
x在单词中间时有时发/gz/音exit, exam, exact
x在单词起始位置时发/z/音xylophone, xerox
yy在单词起始位置时发音为辅音yes, you, yard, year, yell
y在单词或音节中间或结尾时被当做元音
y在结尾，单词只有一个音节时y发长/i/音，
y在结尾，单词有两个或以上音节时y发长/e/音
y在单词或音节中间时，发短/i/音小测试：my, cry, fly, sky
3
辅音字母组合
辅音字母组合的发音很简单，就是把每个辅音字母的发音连在一起就可以了。之所以要把它们单独列出来，一个重要的原因就是，每个辅音字母组合是作为一个整体来看待的，在划分音节的时候是不能把这些辅音字母组合分开的。音节的划分对于一个单词的读音至关重要，我们所学的自然拼音法发音规律，其实都是针对单个音节的，对于多音节的单词来说，要先把单词划分为一个一个的音节，然后再对每个音节应用自然拼音法发音规律。音节的划分规律在后面我们会讲述，目前只需要熟记这些字母组合，以备后用。
字母组合 例词：
带有l的字母组合bl black,blame, bless, blue, blast
cl --clock,class, clap, clue, close
fl --flag,fly, flat, flash, flower
gl --glass,glad, glide, glue, globe
pl --plate,plane, place, plus, plan
sl --sled,sleep, slow, slide, slim
带有r的字母组合br --bridge,break, brave, brown, bread
cr --crab,crack, crop, crown, creek
dr --dress,drag, drink, drive, drop
fr --frog,fresh, free, from, front
gr --grape,grade, grass, grin, grunt
pr --press,pride, price, print, proof
tr --truck,track, true, train, tree
带有s的字母组合sc --scale,scar, score, scare, scuff
sk --skate,skip, skill, skull, skin
sm --smoke,smile, smog, smell, smear
sn --snake,snap, snore, snow, snug
sp --spoon,spin, spot, spell, sport
st --stop,stack, stay, step, still
sw --swim,swell, swing, sweet, swift
tw --twig,tweet, twist, twin, twine
三字母组合shr --shrink,shred, shrill, shrimp, shrub
spl --splash,split, splice, splint, splurge
spr --spread,spring, spree, sprain, spray
squ --square,squad, squirrel, squat, squeak
str --string,strip, straw, stream, street
thr --throw,three, throne, thrift, thrill
在结尾的字母组合ck（只发一个/k/音） --duck, pack, quick, luck, rock
ld --cold,gold, held, mild, bald
lk --milk,silk, elk, sulk, skulk
mp --lamp,damp, champ, hump, dump
nch --inch,ranch, lunch, bench, crunch
nd --hand,kind, bend, stand, mind
ng（这个音比较特别，是舌头抵住上颚后方所发出的鼻音）--ring, long, sing, wing, lung
nk --sink,bank, trunk, pink, ink
nt --tent,ant, hunt, sent, mint
sh --fish,rash, brush, wish, trash
st --vest,last, test, list, lost
4
复合字母构成的单音
简单的说，consonant digraph就是两个（或三个）辅音字母在一起只发一个音，通常指以下四种组合：ch（tch），sh，wh和th。
ch和sh的发音有点类似中文“吃”和“湿”发音的前半部分，比如下列例词：chair，check，shoe，shop。
wh的发音可能会比较令人混淆，不同的历史时期，不同地方的人wh的发音会有一些不同。但现在在美式发音里，公认的说法是，一般来说wh与/w/发音相同，但在o前面发/h/音，比如when，what，whale，who，whole。
th的发音则需要一些记忆力了，在下面这些常用词里，th发浊音（舌尖在上下牙齿中间，声带需要振动，声音从牙齿和舌头之间的缝隙里出来）：they, them-, their, theirs, the, this, that, these, those, then-,than, though, thus, there-（注意，如果一个单词后面带有小横线，就是指以这个单词开始的所有单词，比如them-包括there，therefore，thereafter等）。其它以th开始的单词基本上都发清音（舌尖在上下牙齿中间，声音从牙齿和舌头之间的缝隙里出来，但是声带不振动），比如think，thank，thirty等。
不发音的辅音字母（Silent Consonants）
在有些辅音字母组合中，其中一个字母是不发音的，该组合所发的音与发音的那个辅音字母所发音相同。下面列出了这些组合：
字母组合 不发音字母 例词
gh h ghost,ghetto, ghastly
gn g gnat,gnarl, gnaw, gnome, sign
kn k knife,knit, know, knock, knee
mb b comb, lamb,thumb, dumb, climb
pn p pneumonia
ps p psalm,psychic, psychology
rh h rhinoceros,rhyme, rhythm
sc c scissors,scent, scene, scenery, scenario
wr w wrong,wrist, wrap, wretch, wrench
gh gh light,high, eight, sigh, night
5
元音概述
我将对元音的发音作详细讲解。英语里元音的发音比较复杂，每个元音都可以发多个音，掌握了元音的发音规律才能对整个单词的发音有比较准确的掌握。想学习更多英语知识，请关注口袋英语aikoudaiyy
元音概述（The Basics About Vowels）
常说的元音字母有五个：a，e，i，o，u，另外y在一个单词的中间或结尾时也被当做元音。
每个单词里都包含有至少一个元音。
每个单词的每个音节里都包含有至少一个元音。
元音是单词的“最强音”。元音所发的音取决于该元音在单词中的位置或它是如何与其它元音组合的。
一般来说，除了以下几种情况外，元音都发短音：
1. 该元音是元音字母组合的一部分
2. 该元音后面有字母r
3. 该元音在一个单词或重读音节的结尾
4. 单词以字母e结尾
5. 该元音是元音规则的特例
6
短元音
短元音 例词
A a-------------- ant, and, cat, fast, map
E e-------------- egg, net, let, bed, tent
I i---------------- inch, bit, stick, pin, pig
O o-------------- ox, hot, top, not, got
U u-------------- up, bus, sum, cup, mud
Y y（在单词中部，发短i音）------------pyramid, lynx, typical, bicycle, symbol
7
长元音
如果一个单词以字母e结尾，前面的元音发长音（magic e）。
如果一个元音是在一个单词或重读音节的结尾，该元音也发长音，
所谓长音就是该元音字母的名字，如A的长音发音为/ei/。
当一个单词或音节里只有一个元音时，该元音发短音，
而当这个单词或音节后面加上字母e，刚才的元音就发长音了，而字母e只起到让前面的元音发长音的作用，自己是不发音的。
例如：can，其中的a发短音，如果结尾加上e，变为cane，元音a就发长音了，而e不发音，我们管字母e叫做magic e。下面的例词都是属于这类的：
game, safe, make, gate, whale
Pete, complete, athlete
nine, side, mile, kite, nice
note, rose, globe, those, bone
cube, rule, June, mute, dune（注意元音u的长音听上去有两种，一种就是字母u的名字，另一种则类似汉语拼音u的发音，因为有些辅音与u在一起发不出字母u的音，就以汉语拼音u的音来代替，比如rule。）
当元音在单词或重读音节结尾时，该元音发长音，例如：paper, be, she, legal, fiber,piano, open, future, human等等
注意Y在单词的结尾时被当作元音来使用，
当单词只有一个音节时，Y与元音I的长音发音相同，例如：cry, try, by, my。
当单词有两个或以上音节时，Y在单词结尾与元音E的长音发音相同，例如：puppy, baby,candy, city, sorry等。
上节讲到，当一个单词或音节里只有一个元音时，该元音发短音，而当这个单词或音节后面加上字母e，刚才的元音就发长音了，而字母e只起到让前面的元音发长音的作用，自己是不发音的。这个规律可以扩展到复合元音字母的情况，当一个单词或音节里有两个元音时，通常第一个元音发长音，第二个元音不发音。例如：
ai, ay发长A音，如sail, fail, day, say等。
ea, ee, 发长E音，如 meal, tea, need,feed等。
ie 发长I音，如 tie, lie, pie等。
oa, oe 发长O音，如 load, coat, toe等。
ue, ui 发长U音，如glue, suit, blue,fruit等。但是，有一些不规则情况使得phonics的规则变得复杂起来，这也正是学习英语单词有挑战性的地方。在一些特殊情况下，单词里只有一个元音的时候，该元音是发长音的，如：
i后面接gh, gn, ld, 或nd时，i发长音，如sign, high, child, kind等。
o后面接ld, st时，o有时发长音，如cold, gold, most,host等，但接st时有时还是发短音的，如lost, cost.
有些复合元音字母也不遵循上述长音规律，见下表：
字母组合 所发音 例词
ea短e head, bread, heavy, dead, ready
ei 长a eight, veil, neigh, weight, freight
oo 长u（类似汉语拼音的u） moon, zoo, school, pool, tool
oo 短u（类似汉语拼音的u） book, look, wood, foot, cookie
eu 长u euro, feud, eulogy, sleuth, pneumonia
ew 长u chew, new, few, stew, blew
ie 长e yield, chief, relief, believe, puppies
ey 长e monkey, money, honey, hockey, volley
学习phonics，除了要熟记各种规则外，还应多读，多练，才能把各种不规则发音牢记在心，灵活运用。
8
双元音
双元音Diphthong与上节所述的复合元音字母构成的单音（digraph）的区别在于，diphthong是两个元音在一起所发的音是两个元音音素组合在一起的，所以听上去有两个音，尽管这两个音并不是两个元音所单独发出的，而digraph是两个元音在一起，但是只发一个单音。把什么元音组合划归为双元音有着不同的说法，一般来说下面两种发音肯定是双元音：
1、 oi, oy组合，把O 和I 的短音组合在一起连贯发出来，比如coin, voice, toy, boy等。
2、 ou, ow组合，发音时先发类似汉语拼音ao的音，然后末尾再加上短促的类似汉语拼音u的音，例如house, found, owl, now等。带有r的元音（R-controlled Vowels）
元音字母与r结合起来，会发全新的音，见下表：
组合 所发音 例词
ar字母r的名字 car, marble, far, large, party
or/or/ fork, or, for, core, more, pork
/er/ worm, word, world, doctor, neighbor
er, ir, ur /er/nurse, girl, ever, sir, purple
特殊元音（Special Vowel Sounds）
字母或组合 所发音 例词
awpaw, law, raw, saw, dawn
allball, call, fall, mall, tall
auhaul, taught, caught, sauce
oucough, bought, brought, thought
o（后面接ng的时候）song, long,strong, wrong
“broadsound”,比短o音嘴型要小，发音时间长
a, e, i, o, u非重读音（schwa sound），当一个元音在非重读音节里时，有时会发此类音，非常类似汉语拼音里的e，但发音很轻。about, elephant, banana, machine, confuse
ce, ci, si, ti在同一个音节里这些字母组合后面接另外一个元音时，发/sh/音ocean, special, mission, nation, delicious, magician
io后面接字母n时，i发y音onion, billion, opinion, stallion
• END •
你若喜。